7 TeV Press

NYTimes

BBC

CERN

ATLAS public

CMS public

COLLISIONS!!!!

I've slept less than one hour in the past 31 but it was totally worth it.

Webcast

Its very likely that I will not sleep tonight for more than a few hours, if at all.  If you want to watch the webcast, here is a link.  Collisions are expected as early as 7am CERN time (PST+9, EST+6).

Shift Summary and Outlook on the Upcoming Collisions

On Thursday I took my final shift for this block and, after three weeks of training and shifting, I was quite happy to not see the control room at 6:45am Friday morning.  Appropriately, the last hour of my last shift was the most exciting, complete with a bevy of experts swearing at the detector.  We lost control of two of the read out elements of the pixel detector and wresting them back into a state where we could communicate with them was a challenge.  I, having no idea what was going on, took orders and clicked where I was told to click and typed what I was told to type.  In the end all was fine (there was never any danger to the pixels or to ATLAS) and everyone, the experts included, learned something.

As I mentioned before, Tuesday is the big day when the LHC is going to produce, with the media to bear witness, its first 7 TeV collisions.  The preparations and build up to Media Day were already underway last week.  Twice we had video crews in the control room interviewing us at our stations.  I had the opportunity to speak with some filmmakers producing a documentary for a british funding agency and was requested to say an enthusiastic "ready!" to another team.  Besides the cameras in the control room there were many cameras in the Atlas Visitor's Center, which shares a smoked glass wall with the control room so that the visitors can see us scientists in our natural state.  When I first started taking shifts someone had taped a "don't feed the physicists" sign to the wall.  I now have great sympathy for zoo animals.  The visitors like to take pictures so you quickly learn to ignore their flashes and peering faces.

The view of the control room from the Visitor's center (via CERN)

As for as my part in the Media Day preparation, I am working on setting up a system so that members of the collaboration can quickly see plots as soon as the collisions happen.  Unfortunately I cannot share them here because we have rules about what we can show the public (almost nothing) but as soon as some pictures get made public I'll post them here!  

You can follow Tuesday's events from the CERN website, or even see a webcam of the Atlas Control Room if you register your ip address in advance.  

Me, a lobbyist? Not really. (Part 2)

In my previous post on my DC advocacy trip I forgot to mention one important step in the preparation.  Being a lowly grad student who's wardrobe consists entirely of birthday and christmas presents, I had nothing professional to wear, prompting me to go on an epic hunt for formal business attire.  I stalked the suit racks in the wilds of Walnut Creek, raided the shoe stores of San Leandro and made repeated forays into San Francisco for dress shirts.  Bewildered and overwhelmed, I bought several outfits and after taking pictures and sending them out to friends with pleas for advice, I settled on a nicely tailored Calvin Klein skirt suit and a pair of sensible black pumps.

    

Mama's little girl is all grown up and asking people for money!

I flew in to DC early on the first day and met one of my wonderful and amazing friends, Clare, for lunch near the White House.  Clare is busy saving the world from climate change through her position as the Special Assistant to the Special Envoy for Climate Change (really, the title is not a joke!) in the State department.  Hillary Clinton is her boss's boss, how cool is that!?!  The rest of the day was taken up by last minute studying of my primary assignments and a dinner with all the trip participants. 

It was not the most beautiful day, but the White House was still impressive.

The next morning we had a meeting at the Universities Research Association's DC office to assemble the packets of information we were going to give to our offices and to do last minute coaching on "the message".  Then we were set loose on the capitol!  I went to approximately 10 offices over two and a half days including the three I was assigned to as a primary: Braley, Giffords and Pelosi.  I went along to the other seven to keep the conversation flowing and provide moral support for the person who had the primary assignment.

The office I enjoyed the most was Bruce Braley's, in part because my cousin Caitlin, his communication's director, made sure his legislative staff took care of me and took me to meet the congressman himself, which is rare.  The vibrant office was overflowing with people talking to each other in every available space.  Caitlin pulled us into the congressman's room to meet him.  He was very friendly, genuine and enthusiastic.  He was particularly concerned with physics education and how to get people interested in the subject, particularly in the rural areas of his district where the high schools may not be able to offer physics every year due to lack of demand.  He was interested to find out about ways that the excitement of research could be brought into the class room through communications technology.  I left with a very favorable impression and was happy to read this account of the health care wrangling which credited him with giving teeth to the reform.  The rest of his staff was excellent and asked that we keep them informed of any way they can help us, which is especially nice considering that there is no high energy physics being done in their district.

Perhaps the most interesting visit was with the staff member in charge of science policy for Texas Senator Kay Bailey Hutchison.  Senator Hutchison was engaged in a vicious primary battle for the republican governor candidate in Texas.  It had devolved into a how-wacko-conservative-can-you-get fight and Hutchison was getting pummeled.  She is a strong supporter of science and the ranking republican on the senate committee for science funding and hence a very important person.  Her staffer really just wanted to vent for 45 minutes about how frustrated he was for his boss, both with the democrats for health care and with the conservative elements in his party for being wackos.  He obviously believed in her and was sad to see her get so demoralized, particularly because many of the hits she was taking were for earmarks, which she always viewed as the way she protects and takes care of Texas.  We briefly got around to discussing science, in which we learned that he was from Downer's Grove, a town near where I grew up, and that he had attended the Fermilab Saturday Morning physics as a high schooler, something that I participated in as well.  The physics didn't take with him, however, he ended up an economist.  At the end of the meeting he told us that if there was anything we saw in the budget once it got to their committee that we didn't like, to let him know because "they could take care of it".  

The group getting ready to take a photo on the capitol steps.

The Hutchison visit was in the Senate buildings which were much nicer than the House equivalent.  With granite and gilt in abundance, the place felt spacious and calm, or stagnant, depending on your opinion of the Senate.   The House offices, by contrast, were like a network of beehives.  With the exception of a few offices and corridors, the place hummed, nowhere more so than the underground cafeteria where we ate lunch most days.  The petitioners in town to visit their Representatives, along with the staff and quite a few military officers congregated in the crowded space while on break, lunch or in between visits.  Whenever I had time to kill between meetings I could find someone else from our trip waiting around.  

The last noteworthy visit was, of course, with Nancy Pelosi's office, which was in the capitol building itself.  My secondary and I walked through the security on the side door and requested our visitor's badges.  We then got directions on how to reach the Speaker's office and got lost within two minutes.  We got lost three more times before finding the elusive office, including going down one hall that we were quickly ushered out of by a man who looked like he was plainclothes security.  Finding the office was so tricky because the building is full of narrow corridors and hallways that appear to lead to nowhere.  When we finally found the non descript entrance to the Speaker's quarters we walked through a small doorway into a hall with large ceilings, many doors and a young man sitting behind a desk in the middle of the hall.  It felt a bit like Alice in Wonderland.

Another view of the capitol building.  No foaming-at-the-mouth crazy racists protesters that day.

The young man directed us into a narrow elevator and which took us to what must be the attic, judging by its decidedly not grandiose decor and short ceilings.  After waiting a while, the harried science policy staffer took us to a conference room to hear us out.  Well, sort of hear us out.  He explained at the beginning that Senator Bunning's obstructionism had turned the day upside down for various reasons and so to not be bothered if he checked his blackberry while we were talking.  I think he spend 50% of the time listening and 50% of the time blackberry-ing.  Nancy Pelosi is very strong on science and we did not need to convince him of the value of basic research.  So he uncritically nodded in agreement with everything we said and I spoke fast to get in all in before the end of what we knew would be a short meeting.  He did ask interested questions about the baguette LHC incident, which, incidentally, I heard was actually not due to an errant baguette dropping bird.  After fifteen or twenty minutes were were back down the elevator, past the young man at the desk and on our way out of the building.

A mock-up of Hubble and an afternoon snack.

Other highlights of the trip included visiting the American Indian Museum and the Air and Space museum, visiting the high security DOE offices outside of DC to report on our visits, having drinks with my cousin and spending more time with Clare.  All in all it was a good trip but I am holding my breath until the budget gets passed, which, given the pace of Washington these days, might take a long time.  It was enlightening to see the way the government works, and I am now sure more than ever I do not want a career related to politics. 

Me, a lobbyist? Not really. (Part 1)

Our nation's capitol on a brisk February evening

Washington has been in the news quite often these days.  First it was Snowmagedeon bringing the federal government to a halt, then it was Senator Bunning holding up unemployment benefits because he was jealous of all the attention lavished on the weather, and finally, finally, the House and Senate passed Health Care Reform (Whooohooo!!).  With all of that going on you may not have heard of my trip to DC as a representative of High Energy Physics (HEP), which was not quite as newsworthy as a retiring Senator's grand standing.

Last fall, through a poster session aimed at outreach, I won an all expenses paid trip to DC as a part of the USLHC Users Organization (USLUO, an organization representing the interests of US institutions involved with the LHC) annual advocacy visit to the capitol.  Once a year USLUO teams up with the user's organizations of SLAC and Fermilab to remind congress people why high energy physics is worth funding.  While our budget is dwarfed by spending on, say, defense, our annual appropriations of hundreds of millions of dollars requires justification.

I think I was subconsciously aiming for 5th grade girls.

Here is a full resolution pdf of the poster.

Justification was necessary more than ever this year because the President's budget had come out quite favorably for HEP.  Normally you would think that a strong HEP budget request from the President  would make convincing appropriators easier, and in a normal budget year it probably does.  But this year is not a normal budget year.  The President, bowing to deficit hawks, also included a cap on total discressionary domestic spending.  The physical sciences (HEP included) was one of the few areas which received funding increases and consequently became a big fat target because an increase for us meant a decrease for others.

The mood on the Hill, as they say, was very positive towards science.  In fact, it is one of the few surviving bipartisan sentiments.   Everyone understands that we need investment in science and technology to keep our economy strong, and a 2007 report warning of our decline in technological capabilities, Rising Above the Gathering Storm, was on people's minds.  The America COMPETES Act, a response to the report which sets a path to doubling the physical science budget by 2017, was up for reauthorization as well so we were urging congresspeople to support it.  Simply stated, our mission was to get across the message:  "Thanks for supporting us last year, please support us at the President's request level this year and please vote for the reauthorization of COMPETES!"

The visit spanned three days and mostly consisted of meetings with legislative staff in Congresspeople's offices.  A couple of months before the trip we were asked to list, in a very specific format, our connections to different legislative districts.  Personal connections, such as knowing someone in the Congressperson's office, were valued most highly, followed by being a constituent, being a former constituent, having family members as constituents, etc.  The lists were sent to a Fermilab organizer-physicist, who ran a perl script to divide up the congress people among the representatives of our three organizations (hence the specific format--imagine if it was written in python).  We were responsible for getting an appointment with our assigned offices and for being knowledgeable about the districts.  Being a newbie to the trip and having connections to the Chicago area and the Bay Area, the two areas where most of the trip participants live, I had only 3 primary assignments: Bruce Braley of Iowa, Gabrielle Giffords of Arizona and our kick-*** Speaker, Nancy Pelosi.  My connections to the first two came through a cousin in the Braley office and a friend and former Berkeley grad student in the Giffords office.  The Pelosi connection derived from a member of my group at LBL who had met her before to talk about science (tenuous but no one else going on the trip had a better connection).

Preparations for the trip included weekly meetings with the SLAC group to go over relevant legislation and other details about the trip, a half day long meeting at FermiLab with perspectives from the SLAC and Fermilab directors and science lobbyists on the mood in Washington, and finally, business cards.  Yes, business cards.  Everyone in DC uses them.  At the beginning of every meeting we'd trade cards, my kinko's pseduo-cards for their official Senate or House ones.  I got a template from one of the other trip participants, printed them on cardstock at Kinko's, and cajoled Kyle into cutting them for me.

They didn't look too bad....but USLUO needs a new logo.

Cards in hand I was ready to fly out to DC.... Stay tuned for part 2, in which I describe my three days on the Hill playing dress-up/grown-up.

Milestones

In case you haven't heard, early on Friday morning the LHC reached an energy of 3.5 TeV per beam,   its target energy for 2010-2011.  They did not collide the beams, in fact they lost them five minutes after reaching the historic energy, however they achieved a big milestone in reaching that energy.  The first official collisions at 7 TeV are due March 30th, when CERN hosts another "media day" where they invite the press to witness the event.  I'm sure the beam operators agree with us experimentalists that its pretty ridiculous to specify a day for first collisions.  It's like prescheduling a press conference for the birth of a child.  Sure there is a due date, but when the big event will actually occur is hard to predict.  Unlike labor, however, the first collisions can be held up by the "powers that be" if they look like they are going to be ready ahead of time.

LHC operators on Friday morning.

 I got this from a cool CERN page of pictures about the 7 TeV beams.

  While I was not in the control room for the 7 TeV beams, I was around for a crucial precursor test on Thursday night.  The LHC installed a new quench protection system (QPS) in the wake of the 2008 accident, to prevent the disaster that gave us this year long delay from happening again.  A quench, as I've mentioned before, is when a superconducting magnet, which has no resistance in its superconducting state, develops a resistance and suddenly losses its superconductivity.  I'm not sure if it's the new part of the system, or the existing part, but the QPS is now too sensitive.  When the LHC is turning up the currents in the magnets to bring them to the needed strength for a 7 TeV beam, the little fluctuations in the current values are enough to set the QPS system off.  This is problematic because what the QPS actually does is induce a controlled quench, distributing the energy more evenly along the magnet system.  In the tests performed early this week many magnets were quenching due to the QPS which is dangerous for the machine because the released energy heats up the superfluid helium and the LHC cooling system can't handle many magnets quenching at once.  As a temporary solution the beam operators decided to ramp up the current 5x more slowly than they normally do.  They were testing this fix by ramping the current in the magnets without beams durning my Thursday shift.  If it worked then we could ignore the QPS problems and procede with the 7 TeV beams, if it didn't the LHC would have to order new hardware to fix the problem which would've meant another 1-2 month delay.  We all held our breath and watched the LHC current inch upward on the monitoring plots during the 75 min ramp.  It was quite exciting when they reached the necessary current, even though there were not any beams!

The other milestone which makes this post title plural, is that I am now a fully qualified pixel shifter.  This isn't a big deal, all it means is that I get to sit at the Pixel desk all by myself and do what the experts tell me to do.  But still, it is kinda neat because I've had very little contact with the actual detector since I joined the Berkeley ATLAS group.  When I was at Orsay I worked on pieces of the Liquid Argon calorimeter, but since then I have been exclusively working on software.  It is fun to sit in front of four monitors and run calibration scans or monitor the detector status.  I'm sure the novelty will wear off soon, most likely next week during one of my four morning shifts, but for now it is amusing.   

Party in the PHYSICS LAB

Now for a bit of levity: LA = CERN, Nashville = LBL, Party = Meeting


Miley Cyrus - Party In The USA - (Official Music Video) [HD]
envoyé par VeronicaMars157. - Clip, interview et concert.

Inspired by this amusing post in ThinkProgress.

My First Night Shift

Last night was my first night shift and...wow... was it boring.  The LHC was doing injection tests as part of its effort to eventually produce collisions at 7 TeV.  As you might imagine, it is not easy to get packets of protons traveling in a 17 mile long tunnel at nearly the speed of light to collide in a spot the size of a human hair.  Weeks of preliminary tests, such as the ones performed last night, are needed, which is pretty boring for the experiments, but I'm sure its fascinating for the accelerator people.

The LHC accelerator chain

The injection tests performed last night consisted of taking the protons out of the SPS, an intermediate energy accelerator which bring the protons to 450 GeV, and injecting them into the LHC.  The LHC operators would then vary some parameters, only taking the beam partway around the ring until they dumped it into some protective equipment called collimators.  This is a dangerous mode of running for the pixel detector because the spray of particles that the billion or so protons in each bunch create when hitting the collimators has a total energy which is much greater than what we see in the single proton-proton collisions.  If the pixel detector were to be on and make a measurement of all of that energy it would short circuit the detector and we would be, as they say, screwed.  So we keep the detector in standby mode so that it does not record the energy deposited and remains a functioning detector.  But that means that as a shifter I have nothing to do.  It wasn't too bad because I got a lot of work done and the other people on shift were nice, but I'm really glad I only have one night shift.  

One of the perks of the night shift was that I had several shots of espresso from our nespresso venting machine. Cool

Absolutely vital to make it through a night shift (via CERN Love)

The photo above is from a blog that my training shifter showed me called CERN Love, written by some anonymous physicists at CERN.  It's pretty funny, you should check it out!

In other news, the apartment search continues.  I'm currently trying to find a place in Meyrin, the town in between Geneva and CERN.  What it lacks in charm it makes up for by the fact that it is the last stop on a direct tram connection to Geneva while at the same time being close to CERN, the countryside and the beautiful Jura mountains.  My fingers are again crossed.... 

Wrong Decision?

I may have made a bad decision today.  A furnished studio apartment sublet was posted on the CERN market place and I was lucky enough to be the first to contact the person who posted the ad, a friendly Italian transplant named Donatino who specializes in the construction of tunnels for CERN*.  He was particularly proud of having worked on the section of the LHC tunnel, originally created for the LEP collider in the 1980s, which lies under the Jura mountains.  They blasted out a 3km section of the tunnel under 170m of Mesozoic rock!  I was particularly amused by this because one of my favorite memories of the SSC, the doomed super collider in Texas which my dad worked on in the late 80s/early 90s, were the pictures of the massive tunnel boring machines, used to create the deep underground tunnels.

A picture of an SSC boring machine, or Robbins.  

The 2nd guy on the left even looks like my dad!...well, the mustache looks like his.

Those machines captured my imagination, perhaps due to their resemblance to robotic worm monsters.

Donatino met me at CERN and took me to the studio of his lady friend, a nice woman named Fatima who was a teacher in her home country but had recently lost her job as a cleaner, the only job she could get in Switzerland.  She was moving in with Donatino to save money and they were renting out her studio.  Explaining the situation to me prompted Donatino to launch into a diatribe about the Swiss autonomons, whose rigidity and rules and unwillingness to give a hardworking woman like Fatima a job infuriated him.    He claimed that out of a population of seven million, one million Swiss inhabitants are unemployed.  I didn't check his numbers, but I would not be surprised if that was true and, having had my own experiences with Swiss bureaucracy, I could sympathize a bit with his frustration.    

Walking into the building I knew that it was going to be a very nice place.  It was on the bottom floor of an apartment building in a cluster of high rises situated in a quiet residential neighborhood.  The floor of the entry was granite and the walls were covered in nice wood paneling.  The studio itself had an enormous bathroom and a decently sized and nicely decorated main room.  The kitchen, however, was essentially a closet with two ceramic hotplates for cooking.  There was no oven and the refrigerator was actually in a closet.  Tragically, this setup is standard for studios around here.  

I was torn.  I knew the apartment was very nice, especially for the price, and I was sure that I probably wouldn't see anything like it in my future searches.  However, aside from the kitchen, two other aspects gave me pause.  The bed, which was twin sized, looked like a cot, and it would take 3 bus rides to get to CERN everyday.  I left, telling them I would mull it over and give them an answer in a few hours.  

As I went back to my office conflicted, weighing the pros of having a nice place to myself against the cons of the distance and the lack of an oven, two priorities crystalized in my mind.  I realized that I would be happy either with a nice kitchen or with easy access to public transportation.  I'd be willing to sacrifice one or the other, but that I'm not desperate enough to give up both yet.  I reasoned that I've only been here for five days and I have 25 more left to look, so I could probably find something suitable with a little more effort.  All the warnings I've gotten about how hard it is to find a place tell me that there is a good probability that I will not, in fact, find as nice a place, and I will probably get desperate and take something much worse than what I saw today.  But at this point I didn't want to settle.  When the panic sets in I'm sure I'll be kicking myself, but right now I'm willing to take the chance.  Fingers crossed!

*I have to mention that Donatino was wearing a winter coat made of puffy down encased in black plastic vinyl.  It was amazing.

The Blog is Back!

The Jura mountains from my CERN hostel room window.  Don't they make you want to go skiing?

Hello from Switzerland, my home for the next seven months.  I arrived on Friday, March 5th, and along with the move came a renewed commitment to blogging.  My first, and only other, foray into blogging occurred while I was living in France and I found that it was a good way to keep my family and friends informed about my life abroad.  Consequently, this blog will take on a slightly more personal bent while I'm here, although I intend to continue to focus on physics and food (and feminism--another theme that didn't make it into the title).   Posts about food will have to wait until I find an apartment; I'm currently living at CERN in the hostel and eating all my meals in the lab cafeteria.  It is much better than eating in any cafeteria I've been to in the US, but it's not the same as cooking for yourself.  I've started the search for an apartment which I expect, based on stories from fellow students, to be an arduous task.  Geneva is one of the most expensive places to live and the housing market is severely impacted so I expect to expend a significant amount of energy looking for a place in the next few weeks.
Today was International Women's Day.  CERN celebrated it in a big way, with media events and stunts such as filling all the control rooms of the detectors and the LHC with women.  They have a website dedicated to it where you could see the women in action via webcams.  The page also hosts videos of women physicists talking about why the day is important to them and links to other material about the events.  International women's day seems to be a bigger event outside of the US.  I've never heard much about it back home but I think its a good idea, generally.  Side note: did you know that Swiss women didn't get the right to vote until 1971?!  Crazy!

It must've been pretty cool to be in a women-only control room.  I am not yet qualified to take any detector shifts, but this week I am getting my certification through a week long training.  I will soon be qualified to operate the Pixel Detector!  Expect some posts on the joys of night shifts in a couple of weeks.

Also expect some posts about the return of collisions to the LHC.  The machine is preparing to collide protons at a center of mass energy of 7 TeV, which is half of the design energy but more than 3 times greater than the TeVatron, the previous highest energy accelerator.  If you can't wait for me to post about it, or read about it a major newspaper, CERN has a twitter feed which you can follow.  As my Dad would say, 'Oh Boy'.  I hope the collisions come while I'm on shift next week.  It would be absolutely amazing if the first 7 TeV collisions happened while I was in the control room.  Fingers Crossed!

And lastly, there were some successful statewide protests in California about the education budget on March 4th.  I couldn't attend because I was flying here, but the SF Chronicle and the LA Times had articles on it.  Students in Texas, Illinois and elsewhere also protested.  I'm sad to have missed it.

PS: You should check out the new Atlas public website, its pretty nice and has links to what's going on in the control room.